The only discussion of stochastic arts (nonrationalistic-trial-and-error) I can find in history, so far, στόχαστικὴ τέχνη, a very brief one, in Alexander of Aphrodisias, of all things, a commentator on Aristotle.
See Veronique Boudon, Katerina Ierodiakonou, etc.
Amazon.com: Quaestiones 2.16-3.15 (Ancient Commentators on Aristotle) (9780715626153): Of Aphrodisia
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Amazon.com: Quaestiones 2.16-3.15 (Ancient Commentators on Aristotle) (9780715626153): Of Aphrodisias Alexander, Alexander of Aphrodisias, R.W. Sharples: Books